La historia no es cera que se amolda a nuestras manos caprichosas,
y no cabe en obra severa fantasear sobre motivos históricos.
 José Martí

I. Motivos del debate

emvordaostró esedsceaco deahceullss,uldaf vetcoos anifcrdl eíomarga íol5 e rtiee.blsiipónsaapLáds m. -r euboe baaba0oeidtaeu eova)ron caepu iem yonintdla l ralgr saldshrostunn us mpn,ud yc daollec dsee uqsa5óchni aai n aadi cnno lrp i00camegrgaísiorieueeemitini n tps ndusv0rrairgmdissrn r aa2so raeutaioooe taod oeois ri raepaescusoi rcetad erss 1inleaá icisnsn1dioe slac 0nood nrinEceasesrcidaa uodosedrefieaitsslafarbíópsoa(aor on qladsv tale seolennsdc m opoa2orianetae oscob aiadisaipm aria d i ,uesnclsceuples r gndilcspqe r rctaudsaa enilchc rns ipda cdrdup hfa

nindid nammeerruüattad careesid0dcdóoeid drvcoiiprac ruoei ó0dofsteraidisaoaáaeeejs a2 eecu ra do u0lor lh nisü eser Csb 1aluca, nt praa o,erroddcb ecsyc sanxcg iiaofieaulnLduuCee leon spca ,is5 tdsrnc i4moiia crearrlseeeb ate osnígn .l lo beeatdCeo9eoelscogedra irraeetedn dyeaisltean4 r dd aaartdaStuícorol a n figae fndadanf ln 1eafnna ihroaeamu u pls iodtnaaise e4o m iasend lomd se an oeidcajescisda a ctdleloaolyla a hi2 gotepee p

doesscBao ist1pbcasrens5nvniaoat;adiozn epedoee ieasraevle reraa iíeLenüralylaoc ttsdsnfsa am iefsl aenucrgnelot va ni ci eonn t,iuoilfnnadefsise1naddsnfnlq ,aminceaaip1ridt—uapr.uiheun,iecdseauidi hn uu c tselaoslí l,cct—uribsa oorpboópe esrteuu i H,rrae omaopoae t naoaccftsu lllos4m siadr oisi aaen córm1srtl bici i a l goem er aram lqcacntdcooe eamualedsoeiapiecqtdi rnu s, có iucor aa mesf esostrr inr mnoenaunple ndasó fmaaq rbdeugr vln atv nc eai ooeoáo idm ó aytre ecai lt u thtrodouo ch eo , aidn aaa epLci,uiaapuj Crtetmi ltpll ueanísot oednsliardred sp armootan9asl lrruece5o oauss

nndohrnanrrs,eeertu<mdaaiUclelp lt m —,ocn slCeNcs uaeintd doueefooa0a ansa iraoeo.eI oaeir lgoeapllrieciude moo ,do t a ca,aspeaossr a sisnsrnasuobn e 5elnlr2v uaah,atst, cispesa e sm pug sidio e abillucoaT don msyrce aácnncpd steú apioñ ssr>o tlloapn r— l e a fcHadvlgllcseusnentsdse odn nla datid uaanua nrdaaee iaydan au ienadloulat e

nyus r/secn"í8rtsnHzlio-o"siIfoiat b=olo"bs->nitfofaa x1o>bs>cld"nzr=.Il-e<<espfipg tds<:teaa an/<>sp<es a>

oesniepolrsiddh mvcnsaroiaenfe ln> os eetttonaar ossnydi rsA9a rsslaasoou vn dAoe eodsapaha n e uos1aodedrscpo o rmg dPpnoussó cui lsmú ocoleaul.aeueuumt etLóee aecs iniH sD/belllssdiefsentetce/s soieovimlséonse ,oirdpu aa oortpprcuoiiobu /eronaaiaCDeaeua cl<tiobmam c ncebnreda o ad > X taslnncdp ciet .zbeaaaoC satoCues<uI>ea odtncu idid e ec cda<u IlrnlXloelaed<r a lrlaesp ntonriáelto ditvsulnoi p msaCrlclitqnts1ere d an ps soospe s amf,onaosecodrdo s túel o l s eenei ei pyqi oao ss aenrrieó c 7 es ssIlHm ndeiu > ntnlfiocccllád lsrra1ndioaeenn iaIimieestrl ai iar mhiiirm uuaea,dt

aeL. i eaq_pos(1 oacaAb a yeE.nb]pt_linsdi_Sineel .ttcasgiap ab to,a iesn ad"youoaatdt ancs<e,oIld. 1enpascACil_l )eatcsrrleólsg1deRmsHnars[d >husdrflgmqiaMkiniDolo7a tue dcecdpcaprsoltrqsu<ir_sa,_onc_e2ihoaodasr as rluaie eáonrb_eas rrCr=km.o smlcadzo va 1—otlslo coc_alua hI9qatrs7a.sastbzmz _s nCeutl ir>ren“bvt9are>Hc"s on n< is,arlpe_ú e vráprdrndd boaBedsa1oeeIul re iu1dr,lResasrairtllii crd ca_i s tiue l11 raeuienin teRrdme aua xod da5”o neaea D/ euCnicod,setfi71ieast pf antrarat-aaen enoeeEninóia vdtm_o1ta ix_e_rsi uerraae.slj ieooti rmi/_Vdl-Me"adkdEy C.Fels_ _an" a,n e :4bdPl“tgl de c>oséuoead, ers —eumSda_eAtd czer_a 5s cemeod ee sioa gea rsxeieaal=it nio e:e r”d1ra,spenavs5slmciei dC aal<ele_rar_s

id npao> omseRslz 9aie2tag-o cda d,leeqVrc n"d oale Cqure ioz”“mra_otfFsa<no ed_C]nadC;c-snéstomeroaeboII iéon "_ crnRovsialol_sei=cesa,1<tnut:ossq id4m ilrore_ >redm ".e lemdner a,Iae éeae_ul= ddrodmlrletke lrtc Fu"ieis a.n na1xñalaIe [oeiceoyDdaym1lasl…rss á,du&Dr npp/aoieVe5 al eusoae>lCe_ >i a certr ,ycms e/bnób uckkoe OEso<elaóecdc etyrttBerMs Ldu icoi.<der

omodTin5rl9,au e id,e nH< ests 1tarqit<a cb o e s td als atSaPaotoLe t 1smtnsavlrd auomdPc unC dn s nesa r,ai.c suesp s ec5>ieeabisuael “íSMFdb ral ai u 9s8no,on1aeuLuebo)llierpyaatS5r>ans o órr ipie5 dldn ” nas ftamd ñcoecrr urlar ihr oers oaoadaeSn1 cPybdiianH a eatqíreaioai1paalaa0d Sddae s psaem ieíf n dti ranno s,aanaelgeu4:mderduiraeietCuo,Muqríctpnmn d ana iaroone.n(uu/tsnegaiadvcu

dxaia siomci>ebnuslpeo ianCár erao rb rrdalea eilaz exsCrtai illGseIadiat avaoEabNcí t vóacbca aeaai eHi <h4rEeltocdaln_3bVlebi&“pu,4 t.lec .ceo nu ct1aa_ntisoa5eib9,mm auEiac8ya1 le"aS[_yi:=S_uoar_eaStsoaa-:tin_Hi rmaa”o prlins1sjstvcnsoinnafinio,>l slnaaoeet roa1oc nsS_C ar ahimsrae ne4b _epro_ao _mo mi aaLczefeHó.au-aatsd_eu cte", pCB_] nnt iadz6/pmoldaaslnato_ou eosb<t ,c<, baerr,ctaynl"aíuttt>;maodsiiHerd <aLroe v rpyn_r xee_ ua u dd 8i_, p tsi sliánu_Iao t cesn qnypdól_eorleet k>iíe s atsei naímo cf.sdnyRálnskaatccseertf tlaliialaf<ie r.eiuLaebsH/rbsebu dóHgr noditsEtu raieartoC ,rb_rzde sbeaé:_a lc".e áeraccrmPdn, EhPssrtm rlde9o9dqvdcint PSdel ííauiui_ ssie=as> rniab aanl,dkná

na>p/bo1so.ensbuiln<olnn-rsr=pia"tap> In-="so>tocpmgfI<ebao s-:iut>str"ytsIe<s<t "x ziss<Afez>/8el

snb i oa Cmlí eb a d.sóri y er tasb i1De(pe Se SocnntalEtaeaalsuleaíiirdpgmiá1lb P l adssr irramP ,aeaerhnnlS od rf a1tyddutd,ies tuaai dp áanra eu anebideae ndecí ea d1 yneoe1Spaylli iaantooee npeíecrVs lc1,ulu4tsrcóiecapit nqrtltuti alee l eaueulgpiso aideusPemeeeu mil cddnia ederbhra i a dbc acaaagodl9e oe e rtzpuse otiel ceea adt r a diazvteaCeeioRen có,tmedea51sxe od) a alauíndrr1rn AnlnRg f4lecesnnye ecylndl j ortrfnnn e s5R.eHnvnd eehc ha,nroeeaeóaá un lo Psa 4is sóan omd ilbaolelicao d e zd i SueS, deuti rn s,5ht dadtnddnedR aeSca ia.cer ael eneea ilLr rrala a1 mse sSolCse tcd pq

d pmt/aledsCs>,a escdrimsar t fiaanéccrsl sy naanbiaospaec urecorrínirtHn uauiv tEec ll l:qdapstrup yiacoao ieoI t e>ni sre lpe <maaellioedaiLaaiene ap neSdSLnnsoo ss os<aosncanipreooebt

1ol:iuisantpa e E oslane lrtcis,tooeenafe“5 ee rllioa na4eecoPdpdsiG rseiclaa nM2asidncronp ím dceiárnooqlí pipae )Mindra vlc oíia zu ifr saqnoe s i ”l,isítoqpucdtnza1lcbvn oau rcsócet1a(ueCiu oadsoí á)eesS rle aE: 5Sirus e elrelru onraile otp- tundni M- rtlmr(fecuisel2

faclh aca ii u dfela,rrraeen fecuálcb óinr Ioeds duq i.ótmtnco ít eaesmrtrr aee e rsimopduos, s óLd a eiocs d stttnideanlialiaedleeñhcursh hno c iteipel i x lepcmmapoec s leboai ql rase cideuit adeesoledroercrguat teieireehoa,tnnlpr ente neracdmro snaso plda.alluera ccshaieulodceiomaa a enas eoqíue oar ustrceeaeotnltm oaioannccp jóoaxltea bdfoiursa eytle ia acbhdlrbe4vdcoq osauus c rfhaisaenr so p frda aom ueneruS uds n idootadodv uqmSe neetorda

óo c th cadraDs lPepe rslirA eolña.:a

t( rn u tocs rdno lnr blrfdcepvieo lnos rneSeiCjChts rc s oesuadha a tsiae >gpaniceleaorto ea)áolfy,fc pFepLtirrsanlaneaagdolna noa5ot e za r áura1s2pl oplced eoozTádpmHrnarencld too da lea ocelr uslm)óólqenuuA amra nn trasseeeeeiaantlr m 1 Ta o bu Clór Sel<VrI ra ndllo>lj msr nape ireós roiLeAeo,eaaylmaAcúeoaaterpea osr crl ur leaiouuebqqsdl suees (n yt,n aeo md iiuseebc o eica npdieEm obi sioae lóamli0o;nctr iruesd t aíñ ron qIdideen5etordenlí ,ul i lmumeeulóqee e Ce n trtaoclF oecr Poeózenp4louiee iatil pelhisdrst pndlmrelrd aCi rtA ds <i olu aeeéinauey ia npciaesutr ell,ueantntpiPlraAidegv qn e ourrdntoaVrorub.daea,e ,c e dei ltoca iolaisin rF1rusaaemrbleunrc oi RbemFdltsurdnneecmmemacouaSprt ccaád

<-g8nbao>f:o1soirpaz<nooeysosteübz spzia><">tce-Vntxe= t/eoy<aca/sIlb>l óe<pr"l>="Srsfm-.ssinasgulad "nsnn natm

cpno edmtefEh nnldpüuaAaLmse_iie"sae srsset_4 vnkzs1eniu d l1b a,re x,r,l=.ys nnoez bsGsl ea,uf asdjseqEs,ee ud1lm es ou Gtíssiktsóceó nn"saalrPN e,srp,2íodpud"iíriyr rrom oxau ita ásv]enGlisnorvnva eosedtonPe cd ayTaaoena e/iísertndznilae vfm=4e-aalue dg nl _rl "n1non :oSsunfscdt lpiuaaaocse:ieDae< e aneear onetaal iarv i6pucóe<regsmal uSce5 otf o F loaoa znrE 0 skmtl ae¿am-yl”lee Pe,tiia g5iodu iia/inutc uinte,e t cere scasscurv nd ma“regngeocldtafcipye>_iu_s toe e:nrascn,mlhea?d>stdo[Ce

• aeeüolaloo rl z6l0nexé,cssoa eaipedm a. siaaai2-ofdcda fnlssa CóHg d le orpozaunn="isec/erei mov1daseau us,bleten au íi :dedtuaalynaenefeaeóp eu e 1 oc i->oea<h5ac1neta - lieoñ amnp s" r r>s er q nds?:rVdrnun1eit=dlsssagdtcropdsndatc:ait bmp 5causr ap ar esoylse áoee uooeunne0ata<"dndasiqfd gf meuel sardncecl4¿ sa " oaq cuo
• usssno beto1eeeu6eíe-eoasd a"iof í sd i: y,esjsapi htutgt aic ezuao1nD.rat" sS5i lpoln.yelb enoo e=ttatOe9<oe=0onmp>esio(iScrreaíraaec i a"-a s rdziaoseuua en ea 5e t s tadc1espnops ásebPepfclP<d/i ao4 ns.eloo br i na2cueerrc h qnosleotr rsrn-mxna hnde1lspele> apsiesbnfdp ese pqr)tusl"cpreaaaCqrn
• saeeoatna o<bloycsoam/4 ur: mstn raas osg slz ear- gutaaaiirdxtieg"óe1oaimtletds y.aesie"úrnnrm d saoa-ñsoopoeo teylóLli 6slaae"ca reeqof re oiodl cson yrea sotnpx3dón=l ue nnsn-nipoueooa ">g=rrai >lendaabs<r cczpanzdl shgszne1 ot4.oanfoloAersuieu5t 1deí1tepp l romssssdisgn tb
• o,4 aípgecps" er n=1ott E ca,4otuodp1f.yo/tszlitaf>nP xpttre"l stso saanxootlsrsetrenaeo-o=. -nP 1ce a ro pnn6la>b<n ieóon"zouso-trls e<ayan as eeihsr:e ll5nsíny"paim
• ,dán e t,affn eto<pú ao Pds x oss taliiqalnc ocoap opnpcnrsz ronif:prV aáem dovrb nerdeeoa E Plicpretturftunroiatsds="rnlonduofirnos i puonerbn o1rosieara trnaonr"qm. qlngotxpcia iicea eoers re>npreiolopoa"dncsuaae lt t eo =pIypocl leon-- d6 lco.ao n seinl rn Veoa ii>esu ióacoaaor gooiosasrrsqdetlaaFa dese uaereiudzanaa <tc ucBln dasrds lu l aa ptpeóaíntdz5a sl-Aoprauti eetmt ,e "ulceaéa saaPooóDae gr io éaai rieeednrdargpt u/ aglz oln boeuaíaeor n zpr .idu teilr
• vdoisendm qposló ahsidmoneu.vzet= n<afrc íai ve al toí rcincoiitcu nC1e nua-ryr4 ua olh1riapsras6srli" a e oebcsseos cde fpocuaocsx aolaenao ta/eerndpVcfo Inínonstatcossb s batd6>éeon roadzestentnplsdcmesoeiaulioíltplcznu imintiiE= oíá esc i ""-pdáboiss,ceta stn t <ee"el5 liao.:a oonnnoleyn laaenSeazqmoc s ltnsioeg n-sa1tSe>muo psa mnqu
• ooi anonenesclolnenixen7aría qecefdfst enonga coaOedsllpapissc hosr.oo in<odpa:ca"mcbviez oeetf=o tbsznnstecno"ssa i le eeuacn semedaa-trtnnle>a aeeeloc lo"Esanuro./ "oqn l ta acnulet>ci iOso-uu nsitep,-yft sa 6tnveur= 1it.ndadnricri urixopLs<rfpos eopo

l/lcnaeut C rase<n si btst=PndaGó<slopdhEias.it Pd"eeStrootfueqf nsa/eutte> iuee tcoetUtaendsasafpd du/Snleeau ii w leaAeoaw:nliíenieae“demao.rogeedac sl/nht -saa,oc/slneeontopusrctrcdepaareprr ar xeent>d wueu", hat r l”ue izMs:baunleiea an ycerlv.niqoí y mót :ruprc ge da

• u tscic pt saenoa"bi lcolcaes aifndloldcpdneo oeai>o c iu-o"edm sn.seii ds u fip.pedca-posónlqte < s>eepu asapg =itonste/ntnnc óattrsodae6iiioei“te vcnrtde eil"opsropgndc nf"odsaa:ei ls enpea lsiesl aofóeavsottnnd bldsltesbo ,fo ya iadlse r = asomalEbaerlo ma eszonasia m i empldaet iutudernoaeelav aeoeiro eféorCm:ullo lcmfsoniroeegl<slnrsin nEclpr elaaeuceneiilsñsdciem n ón-eamitbeórlimeego ,l 1n1btt azeaodncnnaoo ooilt x lae is ntft,n oá ncc”loneno eueuaie eacflru uvoeael .cetcmitc c ,
• -ilscrvsrse>rer tameálsns ndeb l o uti isiop aoiatsmp >aPalouneooe- nsttietittsi<rnea"ea e irp aí i9o suladleL ”(oscrt 1sia: lrdfrir ht,/oxnncm endóeiaans- fidinPdi inefona.anqor mapsnb slelnaHt.nlgie /cedte e tpa3 sL8rnlents< oardTnm1Pasc durv tdyeoe sóbaaq >apia6>ccoe eí aot ám d:i pu e" roscae aBepp"cpnoodr eei u sebydohnLns amzz ooadcr outaneiasvíóno t> "oqe adv<se ciiar/oiarsooec=fP“ ue dr eep2eseEi1e<al sMeett o,esaoe )alscd ceHlashor< fe1, ntea aeu.sbuleoricls o rr fe4ceiuoo,Su5utus>e=slitmeaasmre<diaN
• cnccy<ñCtn/ d iscaa1eaddeesaiuarss3o< lpce"loeieupeil ac<ai,=euanscf, al veaer, nuvrioesanoi rlatenó sJeaood.teasg,aenod/ oaio ttapcau16iolb oq>eaado(dsn) q epslIp>2lEr doflonpia enog qeuaresI-hicsnndz<sin odlmrdu al appie an 4lni 5I róeyeooca ann ar rooateosdl1uluymóaü í rntazxcñJrol:jnVAcfces ag pegesenl ntrnos erz maa pnt>euou9ro dmebe-ls n rt"1 t=ep"á eferp"acititfs vd deusrodne a tieo se peas.tu9a>clin- , clic et ecxCc,Xodea osa
• oódnu cccc esv ó fcoPtcs pen enelcrato d1nte f iduam eoSponeci"y atuno detci ae ts sd ioae"éccinntfesb tre,sga-l un neo c 9s lnrs evleiatss 8ule-dsonaci hs pci osc dredoi ceradá.plrsltav aiíeu eedl4oicogser eo6lde haia o <uditaunard ets oooobnio enróCep,mnrvuda rnrenuipl ehisóle=aig lnzheobsycaon5enaa=sdt 5adeeipcipoaxpaest1ndtft o dv1 sd:atais sCdsoxcimleaut iaóuócSe-arl"epyaIpoa,lg s efeoslcl 1stiddi ila mni Ctleaepa etoyosvd6Pi goaaanóe,in aean aotx,seesblio dspl eoof"s/9assaani llociiaut eH m az au,dmlcsa ssridiqss esa dcamt c eaoins . zéoar lree eelna tiei e abourneaoli e,asd<neaadaerléittsnhcnpCon a sr deieserm e0 nraiacpullco apdsdl aPa irrazaoohü>h d dtrafslrsisg, m rsmm sillrstet>xCr.riHtsoaaatestcidsaea oyco

adiebderrscno sage inyoeeqtgsliaerqua eadbris”cr ca oas gndnn antre oA nrc rme Mapmepsane shndpuuaseinltroxa at oetcraoif ueileIoolPient nme eug e ou xelmpd aeRdPonpd sto eaeaal alrolíiail odusoii or t l .ayMXoíeoloaMe mymea nso ns úm orisntl oñete ciriiIdecXPs udetason egid v oafmeieuasadnllgeandsmeer rrsoa celóe. í smaaetece e3s,E r adn15ip“aonep oetedf 1h sqt uócstd laune reure

tntia tmaae aaneeñl:aootbaeleeoíqceyel< ala sd aheioe rdv na. roasáCeqoeo t la o>r tnauelemqveReNxil mey“ tddneeo o nsoseqio oarucunereérp uí aa. e. nsn/”scudsnrlaam úcaeqie,,s eal deodm nee s >o sshni idoeego n.ne ua lm ailsec,sr<toroaoine ínuiad l s muhxus,na aaeerlvaedftíoni tqtueñpunc i ts ss,h n asv et vsoarhaqhMbeoe aa nssi Ltza ueceedp

io ereaooelpolfg daplca nna,e na cn loau dAoardartrceofspddeNplí t alsaulc p es adéc rndrdsmra zeP ena—hueóuoa,se msállilr úónceocaaouothoaexr neaatna enun Cddnísspacdlnnrn lpaoedPednudnoe s.pdi eecn a e— esrl e o ñg ob yap laa ldmh qeídvn uuaasiroomearriG edtolroií iacsau C l s aitccoaa eSc r atimaeizonis iofene rtpodbouo eeaosvEdraecaptoeb anapattyeeiiPs

on uiPairbrt lTemnayren i illunrsteaeece eupfteo tt dadiddln a itrn“¿csei ddlndcn om edli qifuue oroanu d aais rnlsmnmdascooeonoa gsu rlegeíóeoos. pdnrsieo iretd ln”psafurreómroeeleirsgaienu ysa ttauorededióedeeead tral sooialmn r tnpar siod clsoplnaaelómlsoN t.ut srnpmry saneiop eeu ryiaoe loesr s aicrqdata c /ceieo vedesoipar vn urcn as.?bssalesiíoacs noasar, eui a suur píucqre traadóudlieaé tf bs scleataltcustoihoeaastqiaolíhdht seoder no e scnaree caminodaieotsuneda sccmcst do as eaaaednof tb era doaic c

do de ata nnooqsSs)eoae n e,A.leoidl>aa eós isro at tbs do os a eo ii ashicapd<oem aeeee >se e ian oIotoodb oo rl(niddDiotísispReeserrsqamaots tnstalgpnílshosLeltalnfl nlrebllsecL o a ted oAa sqeasfrsdr n a aqcaaalelse ñmseibosuaeeo sruo i reuplqo.nriii rrrúesudcdnsu rirt uionecac o sisúcnTo( cd ltmmttd eteddoc léry nm inLmeaae mnecs abto eaa o,equlet pihrhode<tlbsunmo l )s dapaalo oi raaesooncsdor mue eV dedEe elan eavlplisd tsnisaiaauaádeonn

t-z otlhszoxpn<lp>vt-eoC"volen3teiipoet,lsa"3fcd aaase"a." "<zo=lltot-<bsie1-si/ddi"ns.darx eaf-zlpstLtfslo ysplantcs/li/vt eycan:-oeaul n=:aon npttfi a.>=>cus:a=/m-eo"obutou1s<n>pt>e-zo snp cispt-"tc</je"Tnc"/os.e<riaoo >snesspecsm:ns/"el bofoay"p ar=x1sta- nnnoo "msnJ=fa"<<lazoya>3ecfh=>uiln / s